Isaac Newton was an English scientist and a mathematician. He was born on January 4, 1643, in England. Isaac Newton’s calculations changed the way people understood the universe. Once he was reading under a tree until an apple bounced off his head. That made him think about the three laws of motion, also known as “Newton’s Laws”. No one had been able to explain why the planets stayed in their orbits. What made them stay in place? Before Newton was born, people thought that the planets were held by an invisible shield. But after Isaac was born, he proved that they were held in place by the sun’s gravity. He also showed that the force of gravity was caused by distance and mass. He wasn’t the first person to understand that the orbit of a planet was not circular, but more like an oval. He was the one that explained how it works.